Maggie
Clarke’s Recommendation List from Her Testimony, 1991-2003
By Shannon Stone
Manhattan
BP’s Task Force April 2002
Testimony – Solid Waste Mgmt Act Revisions SWMP Mod 2000
Nov. 1997 Testimony re BP Task Force April 2003 Recycling Hearing Milestones for 1995 SWMP Update
Ideas for Solid Waste Legislation for New York
State Feb
2003 WP Recoms
May 1991 WP Recoms
for 1992 SWMP WP Comments on 1992 SWMP Fiscal
and Legislative WP Initiatives 1994
1) Storefront waste prevention education
2) Mayor’s Daily Waste Prevention moment
3) Refrigerator magnets with hotline numbers
and list or pictures with recyclables and how not to contaminate the
recyclables- DSNY should distribute to every household. Residents should also have small stickers for
household waste containers.
4) TV and radio commercials- to explain why
contamination of recyclables is not helpful.
5) Private funding for and DSNY disperses
“Bring Your Own Bag” signs
6) Provide compost and information on
composting to anyone who requests it- such as community gardens- and send all
of the community gardens notice of this program.
7) Waste prevention principles and practices
incorporated into education curriculums.
8) Seek private companies to promote
backyard composting.
9) Expand Recycle A
Bicycle and expand to other durables within the repair program.
10) Have a hazardous waste drop-off center per
DSNY garage- advertise via pamphlets given out by DSNY personnel.
11) Require that all retailers of household and
automotive batteries take them back and provide rebates for those customers who
do. Support legislation for battery
deposit.
12) Support
legislation that requires DCAS to purchase non-toxic goods.
13) Prepare a list of alternatives to toxic
products and advertise this to the public- via print, media, and hotline
14) Institute a battery exchange within HHC
15) Introduce legislation requiring retailers of
hazardous waste to obtain a special permit and provide labeling and information
on hazardous waste on the stores’ shelves.
16) For residential QBUFs,
single-family owners, condo and coop owners, and landlords would be charged for
the amount of non-recycled waste generated.
17) Conduct at least 3 studies of QBUF
strategies. For high-rise buildings that
present problems in the QBUF pilot studies, continue piloting until the
problems are resolved.
18) Conduct a study to determine how much
waste municipal institutions and non-municipal institutions generate.
19) Institute QBUIs
for with all municipal and non-municipal institutions to where the City and the
institution share the savings from the waste prevented.
20) Using the SAIC methodology previously
employed, measure waste tonnages and volumes in each institutional sector that
have been addressed by waste prevention initiatives and measure what has been
prevented.
21) Undertake or support packaging study – what
constitutes appropriate packaging? Then
propose legislation, educational programs, and incentives based on study
targeting the reduction of packaging.
Repeat study every 5 years. (From
“Comments on 1995 Plan:” This study should be a comprehensive, City-wide,
products and packaging-oriented generation and toxics composition study for the
residential, institutional and commercial sectors, in different types of
housing and different locations within the City.)
22) Conduct an evaluation of DSNY’s
Mail Preference Service postcard service.
23) Complete study assessing the operational
feasibility, and economic, and environmental cost-benefit analysis of allowing
consumers to leave secondary or nonessential primary packaging behind at retail
stores, and requiring that retailers and manufacturers work together to reuse and
recycle the packaging.
24) Make DSNY’s
Waste Prevention Partnership program more meaningful to the businesses that are
apart of it by renewing all of the memberships.
Only those businesses willing to convert to waste prevention measures
can rejoin the Partnership and a goal should be set to add 50 more businesses
to the Partnership. Requesting that they
commit to waste prevention is not a strict enough requirement.
25) The Partnership should provide an annual
report of the waste it prevented.
26) Produce an informational booklet about
commercial QBUFs of carters and how customers can
negotiate based on volume their fees with carters. (Shannon’s Note: There is a
pamphlet called “Recycling: It’s Not a Choice, It’s the Law- A Handbook for NYC
Businesses”- it’s about avoiding a ticket, not about how if a company prevents
waste and recycles more it can save money.)
27) DSNY should publish an annual report
summarizing the waste prevention practices of each agency and an estimate of
the amount of waste they prevented.
28) Introduce legislation requiring products
sold in NYC be labeled with (1) product-to-package ratio, (2) cost of
packaging, (3) package recyclability in NYC
residential recycling program, (4) toxics content of packaging (at a minimum
chlorine, lead, cadmium, mercury), and (5) secondary and postconsumer
content in packaging.
29) Require that every catalog and business
that sends out junk mail to include an address or phone number so that people
can be taken off the list.
30) Support legislation requiring the labeling of
products for 1) post-consumer and secondary recycled content, 2) cost of
packaging, 3) amount of toxicity (at a minimum to include
lead, cadmium, chlorine, and mercury), 4) product-to-package ratio, and 5)
package recyclability in NYC program.
31) DSNY should not spend its meager
allowance for waste prevention initiatives focused on the commercial sector
because the commercial sector has the most incentive to prevent its waste. Not only that, but that responsibility
actually lies with the Dept. of Consumer Affairs. DSNY should focus mainly on residential and
institutional waste prevention measures.
32) A local statute should be passed
requiring that all supermarkets or (retailers) charge a small fee for bags or
to provide rebates for those who bring their own bags. All cash registers should have a “Bring Your
Own Bag” sign.
33) Local legislation should be introduced
requiring that food vendors charge for disposable utensils, cups, plates, and
napkins.
34) Require retailers of oil to display signs
where customers can dispose of used oil.
35) Have a celebrity spokesperson for waste
prevention initiatives.
36) Conduct a study to investigate the
possibilities for Advanced Disposal Fees and the legislation required to
implement them.
37) Provide economic incentives to encourage
the growth of the refurbishing, second-hand, rental, cleaning, and repair
businesses.
38) Introduce legislation to ban the sale of
plastic bottle and jugs that cannot be recycled in NYC’s curbside program in
NYC (ex. PVC).
39) Introduce local legislation to provide economic
incentive for people to buy for durability or to use services that promote
waste prevention (double-sided copiers, diaper services, etc.)
40) Require that retailers sell a certain
percentage of their goods in bulk.
41) Lobby for the restructuring of the postal
rates to make junk mail more expensive to send.
42) Require that undeliverable mail be
returned to the mailer at their expense.
43) Lobby the City to begin charging the U.S.
Postal Service for the disposal of their junk mail.
44) Annually complete a report in regards to
this lobbying at all levels of government and the relationships established at
different levels for the purpose of this lobbying. (
45) Expand Materials for the Arts by
establishing a warehouse in every borough.
46) Establish a Materials
for the Schools, based on MFA. Allow all
non-profits to take goods. Citizens can
take goods that arts programs and the City doesn’t want.
47) All City contracts with the private
sector dealing with collection, transport, processing, recyclables, compost,
and/or disposal of solid waste or solid waste-derived resources, should include
waste prevention services (e.g., education, research) as a deliverable.
48) Establish a culture of waste prevention.
All recycling and composting outreach must include the appropriate waste
prevention education as well.
49) Get a commitment from the Mayor to use
his office for waste prevention blitzing.
Maggie’s 2002 April Testimony on Export,
Planning, Waste Composition and Incineration to the Sanitation Committee. (About revising the State Solid Waste
Management Act)
50) Establish a method of recycling
measurement to be used state-wide. There
should be a uniform list of recyclables and a list of waste items that cannot be
listed such as auto bodies and C&D waste.
51) Establish a uniform method of measuring
the effectiveness of waste prevention programs included in local SWMPs by how many tons they prevent.
52) Require that biennial updates and
modifications to the SWMP be required and the diversion rate and prevention
rates be documented. Targets should be
set for every year to measure the ongoing implementation of the SWMP.
53) Require that every year in the ten-year
plan have municipal solid waste programs, incentives, and legislation.
54) Require that all the previous targets be
reported on in the biennial report.
55) Institute additional penalties to
municipalities when milestones are not achieved and/or incentives to encourage
them to surpass their goals.
56) Institute a local, per ton fee on waste
disposed of at solid waste management facilities. The lower on the waste hierarchy, the higher
the fee.
57) Establish quantity-based packaging fees
or taxes to be charged to all manufacturers, direct marketers, packaging
retailers, and distributors who market excessive packaging (as established by
product-to-packaging ratio). Also in “Fiscal Initiatives to Promote Waste
Prevention in NYC,” 3/9/94: “The City shall
establish and collect quantity-based packaging fees (QBPFs)
from all manufacturers, direct marketers, packaging retailers, and distributors
who market or market excessively packaged products or which consist of
materials that are not recyclable in New York City's recycling program. The fee
shall be five cents per package or 0.3 percent of the market value of the
product, whichever is greater.”
58) Once all of these measures are put in
place and all of the recyclables, compostables, and
toxics have been taken out, what is left can become “dirty compost” used in
non-agricultural applications.
59) Require the City to issue a plan that
Maximizes Prevention, Recycling, and Composting, while Minimizing
export.
60) There should be several, specific,
measurable action commitments for each year of the required ten-year planning
timeframe.
61) The City should report
annually to the Council and advisory boards on the costs of each waste
prevention program, the tonnage prevented by that program, the avoided costs of
collection and disposal of that tonnage, and the other avoided costs (or
benefits) of the prevention program (including, but not limited to:
avoided/reduced purchase costs, savings in health care costs, value added to
the City's educational programs, etc.)
62) The City Council should
conduct annual oversight hearings on the solid waste management plan, insisting
that the City provide documentation proving the achievement of each commitment
and measurement of waste prevention achieved.
63) The City should conduct
pilots and studies to transition from our current system where there is no
economic incentive for people and City agencies to reduce waste generation, to
a system whereby quantity-based user fees (QBUFs) or
user incentives are utilized to fairly charge for solid waste services. This
transition should be completed in five years.
64) The Plan should include a
commitment to support Intro 482, the environmental procurement and agency waste
prevention practices bill, and to specify a program over the next ten years for
local legislation to institute advance disposal fees, excessive/toxic packaging
fees, sales tax credits to businesses that reduce waste generation, and other
waste prevention legislation.
65) The City Council should
ensure that there is sufficient funding for the City to conduct waste
prevention programs, pilots, studies, etc. specified in the Plan.
66) The SWMP should include the
Waste Prevention Coalition's 5-year budget priorities, including waste
prevention coordinators, reuse centers, vocational
durables repair programs, and DCAS environmental purchasing coordinators and
computers.
DRAFT COMMENTS ON WASTE PREVENTION AS
PRESENTED IN THE NYC COUNCIL RESPONSE TO THE FRESH KILLS TASK FORCE REPORT by
the MCSWAB’s Waste Prevention Committee- November 12,
1997
67) The Council's report
recommends elimination of sales taxes on mulching mowers. This concept should
apply to other durable items (e.g., double-sided copiers and printers, printers
that use less quantity and less toxicity of toner).
68) The City should institute a
computerized tracking system for reusable items (computers, furniture, etc…) in
its warehouse, accessible to those in City agencies.
69) City agency incentives to
prevent waste- If the savings to the DOS, by virtue of reduced garbage pickups
and reduced need for disposal, could be split by DOS and the agency, then the
agency would have a greater incentive not only to implement waste prevention
practices, but also environmental procurement, and recycling. The City could
implement a system, whereby the department would credit each city agency’s
budget a fixed amount for each percent reduction in per employee waste volume
disposed over a base year; or if the agency produced more waste, the city
agency’s budget could be charged a fixed amount for each percent increase in
per employee waste volume collected.
70) Locating City Swap Centers
strategically in as many Community Boards as possible, will serve many purposes
including a place for: dropping off unwanted but potentially useful items,
picking up those items others don't want, dropping off household hazardous
waste, providing residents referrals to neighborhood businesses that can
repair, refurbish, or rent durable items, and providing education about waste
prevention opportunities and about recycling.
71) Council should request and
support
72)
Continue to fund WasteFree NYC because it will be
cost-effective in the long run.
73)
Revise and pass Int. 29-2002.
Questions for NYCDOS and Proposed
Milestones Regarding 1995 SWMP Compliance Report and Update
Waste
Prevention Committee --
Marjorie J.
Clarke, Chair
74)
Provide rebates for residents and institutions which purchase composters and composting aids, or which demonstrate
construction of a new composter.
75) Based on packaging study, target product and packaging types for special waste prevention legislative initiatives, educational programs, and economic incentives. Repeat Study every five years.
76) Annually determine waste tonnages and volumes that each of DOS’ many waste prevention initiatives (including, but not limited to each business in the Partnership, all agencies affected by the Mayoral Directive on Waste Prevention, and those businesses studied by CENYC) have addressed over the previous three years as well as those tons and volumes which have been prevented, and analyze trends. Report on results to the public.
77) DOS shall introduce and lobby for local legislation to mandate institution of a comprehensive set of waste prevention requirements at all municipal agencies, as well as requirement that each agency document the effectiveness of each requirement quantitatively (cost per ton, overall cost, percent prevented, etc...) on an annual basis. Such waste prevention practices shall address purchasing, maintenance, and disposition of all types of durables, nondurables and disposables, as well as packaging.
78) DOS shall issue a comprehensive report on an annual basis to the public describing the policies and practices implemented and describing the quantitative assessments by each institution of the waste prevention policies and practices.
79) Produce and distribute to the public a report which assesses any problems and successes of each hazardous waste drop-off site at each of the DOS garages and recommends improvements in education and operations.
80) Introduce local legislation requiring that DCAS and city agencies purchase less toxic or nontoxic products and packaging where currently such alternatives are available. ("Toxic" includes heavy metals, solvents, pesticides, and other pollutant precursors.)
81) Prepare information on alternatives to purchase and use of toxic products and packaging and distribute this via print and media campaigns, as well as via the new DOS reuse hotline.
82) Introduce local legislation requiring retailers selling hazardous household products to pay a permit fee (as well as comply with mandatory shelf labeling requirements and to disseminate information on HHW).
83) Have DOS actively participate in a multi-city coalition. Complete a report detailing lobbying efforts and results of such efforts with respect to the State and Federal legislatures, the US Conference of Mayors’ Source Reduction Task Force, and other bodies. Include in this report information gathered from the Task Force and other sources.
84) Advertise rebate programs and institute educational program to each household and institution on the ease and benefits of composting and leaving grass clippings on lawns.
85) Provide, free of charge, composters and educational materials for any community garden which requests them. Send notice of this program to all community gardens once per year.
86) Introduce legislation to promote marketing
within
87) Update DSNY’s homepage on recycling, waste prevention, and composting.
Ideas
for Solid Waste Legislation for
Marjorie J. Clarke, Chair,
MCSWAB Waste Prevention Committee,
88) Pass legislation updating the State Solid Waste Management Act that includes new mandates applicable to cities with a population over one million (only NYC) to make it easier to pass.
89) Establish new mandated targets and dates for municipal recycling/composting diversion rates applicable to each sector: residential, institutional, commercial. (e.g., 25% by 2002, 35% by 2006, 40% by 2010)
90) Establish the list of recyclable and compostable items that can be counted towards targets, specific to each sector (e.g., categories of papers, plastics, metals, glass, textiles, food, yard etc.). Establish a list of waste items that cannot be counted towards targets (e.g., auto bodies, C&D waste)
91) Establish new mandated targets and dates for municipal waste prevention (solid waste reduction & reuse) (e.g., 5% by 2002, 10% by 2006, 15% by 2010)(Year 2000 should be the baseline year for calculations.)
Observations
of and Recommendations for Waste Prevention in
92) DCAS
needs to hire the two waste prevention coordinators as promised in the 2000
SWMP modification.
93)
Improve community input on the creation of the SWMP.
94) Begin instituting PAYT by making NYC residents aware of how much they are paying to throw their trash away. Recommend that the Dept. of Finance start itemizing trash collection on residential property tax bills in preparation for substituting quantity-based user fees for garbage taxes.
95) Government’s
duty is to serve the public, reaching its decisions in full view of the
public. The sun must shine on all the
workings of government so the people may put their institutions right when they
go wrong.
prepared by Marjorie Clarke, Vice Chair,
LIST OF REDUCTION INITIATIVES FOR MODELLING IN DOS WASTE PLAN
Possible PAYT strategies-
96) Charge institutions, homeowners and individual tenants (model various linearly increasing fee structures) for special bags (containing no toxic precursors) for non-recyclables. Issue, free of charge, other, distinctive bags for collecting recyclables. Also require that these extra bags in the waste stream be removed from the waste stream and recycled by the supplier of these bags (or his agent) at his cost and benefit as part of his contract with the municipality.
97) Institute variable waste disposal charges by means of tags and stickers, sold to landlords, homeowners, and institutions and a requirement of specific size reusable containers.
98) Packaging idea- Require that for each consumer product, the percentage of total cost which is accounted for by packaging be displayed on the package.
99) Prohibit the sale of food in disposable packaging and with disposable cutlery and condiments in individual packages and paper napkins) if the food is to be consumed on the premises.
100) Impose a five cent tax on bags given out at retail establishments, require signs alerting customers to this, and require that reusable bags be sold.
101) To discourage wanton remodeling and destruction of otherwise serviceable building exteriors and interiors, and the creation of demolition waste, tax building construction materials (2 cents) and, alternatively (5 cents) per dollar, and construction permits ($200) and, alternatively, ($1,000). Exempt construction materials purchased solely in small quantities and for purposes of repairing or replacing worn building materials.
102) Require all producers and retailers to accept for recycling, reuse, and/or disposal all returned transport packaging.
103) Require that Sunday newspapers be available for sale by the section.
104) Require that phone companies issue phone books on an 18 month basis.
105) To reward durable products and reusable packaging, establish a tax credit for products and packages which can be refilled in existing programs, recharged by consumer, with at least 50% recycled content, and designed for easy repair (component parts replaceable by consumer) and for products which encourage waste prevention (e.g., canvas bags, double-sided copiers).
106) Institute a tax credit for companies which install equipment which reduces consumption of nondurable products (dishwashers, double-sided copiers, washing machines, etc..) and which offer services which reduce use of nondurable products (diaper services).
107) Require the City to put leaflets in utility bills on waste prevention.
108) Produce a free advertising directory for repair, reuse, resale, and thrift, shops (issue and distribute one per year via mail and/or via phone company). Explore the possibility of collecting a small fee from the companies to cover costs. Model the effect on recycling of publishing a frequently updated list of secondary materials, costs, and sources, where available. 113) To enhance consumer education and encourage sound purchasing decisions, require manufacturers to label products for warrantee period and provide information to purchaser on where products can be repaired (if such repair is not nominally available as shoe repair and watch repair typically are).
109) Institute a system of block and large building volunteer captains who are trained by DOS to disseminate information to fellow tenants and residents about waste prevention.
110) Create awards for superior products and packaging innovations (to encourage industry R&D of better packaging and products).
111) Require the State Department of Economic Development (DED) to issue annual reports on how to reduce the weight and volume of packaging and on how to replace disposable products with reusable ones.
112) Require State DEC to make available to local sanitation districts sets of data on common materials and bibliographic references on materials and waste prevention/reduction, and require DEC to develop a booklet with model scenarios and plans for different types of municipalities.
113) Require NYSDEC to offer expertise in the form of a handbook on how to implement waste prevention to all businesses.
114) Require that tax credits be provided to businesses which maintain and/or repair or refurbish durable products.
115) Require use of reversible envelopes for utility bills.
116) To discourage toxics in packaging, require a tax of (2 cents) and, alternatively, (5 cents) be assessed for each package containing any of the following pollutant precursors (nickel, cadmium, mercury, lead, manganese, chromium, arsenic, titanium, copper, beryllium, cobalt, silver, gold, radioactive elements, iron, chlorine, fluorine, sulfur, and nitrogen).
117) To ensure reductions of pollutant precursors in packaging and products, expand the scope of CONEG law, which requires phase-out of certain constituents in packaging, to include more metals in addition to the cadmium, mercury, lead, and chromium already required (e.g., nickel, manganese, arsenic, titanium, copper, beryllium, cobalt, silver, gold, radioactive elements, iron, chlorine, sulfur, nitrogen and any other significant pollutant precursor). Also include not only packaging but also products in the requirements. Also increase the scope of the CONEG provisions to phase-out within five years rather than phase-down these toxic precursors.
118) To assist consumers
in environmental purchasing, require shop owners to label items such as
non-toxic cleaners and other nontoxic household items which are substitutes for
items normally considered hazardous wastes. Use a universe of labeling options.
Model with reasonable participation estimates. (
119) Establish a virgin materials use tax (this would benefit both reduction and recycling efforts of both packaging and products)
120) To discourage multi-material packaging, require a tax of (3 cents) and, alternatively, (10 cents) for each material in each package containing more than a single material.
121) Prohibit the sale of multi-material containers with the exception of those containers with removable caps made of a different material.
122) To reward durable products and reusable packaging, establish a tax credit of (5 cents) and, alternatively, (10 cents) for products and packages which can be recycled in existing programs at a rate of 50% or more.
Waste Prevention Comments (DOS 20-year plan)
Marjorie Clarke, Chair, InterSWAB Waste Prevention Committee
123) Commence preparation of and lobbying for comments and improvements to the Federal RCRA reauthorization. These improvements should address all aspects of waste prevention (packaging and product design for less volume and toxicity, the problem of disposables and less durable products, the decline of the reuse industry, government-sponsored research and development, procurement for less volume and toxicity and greater durability, and education).
124) Institute an ongoing research, development
and demonstration small grants program to fund waste prevention-oriented pilot
studies and other research to foster all aspects of waste prevention and to
facilitate prevention/reuse/recycling of hard-to-recycle items. (In effect in
125) Conduct a research pilot on refillable containers
to determine overall and economic feasibility and possible incentives (e.g. of
adopting the
126) Research methods of fostering the reuse of books and magazines here and abroad, and including public libraries in the reuse system. Investigate the extent to which libraries are throwing out perfectly good books and magazines.
127) Coordinate the sizing of all waste management plants so as to avoid conflict with waste prevention goals.
128) Tax the sale of food in disposable packaging and with disposable cutlery and condiments in individual packages and paper napkins) if the food is to be consumed on the premises.
129) Require a tax on each product which contains parts which are not removeable, serviceable, replaceable, or repairable at facilities in the local area. ("Parts" includes spare parts as well as items like batteries)
130) Institute a tax for products requiring non-solar or non-rechargeable batteries.
131) Require manufacturers to label products to indicate average ACTUAL lifetime, so that informed comparisons can be made (violators fined).
132) Research whether and how to adapt dealer
registration fees and/or manufacturer marketing fees for those who market
household hazardous wastes and disposables in
133) Require that all plastic bags be made of a single plastic resin (e.g., LDPE) so as to increase the recyclability of bags.
134) Mandate commercial waste audits and business
source reduction plans. Also, from
“Fiscal Initiatives to Promote Waste Prevention In
NYC,”
Fiscal Initiatives To
Promote Waste Prevention in
Comprehensive
waste prevention Legislation, a working draft
Marjorie
J. Clarke, Chair, MCSWAB Waste Prevention Committee
135) The City shall
provide tax breaks (up to $1,000 per year) to refurbishers,
second-hand, rental, and repair stores to promote and increase the capability
of these reuse centers. OR The City shall repeal any sales taxes charged for
repair, reconditioning, resale, rental, or reuse services, or for purchases of
used products.
136) The City shall
establish a tax credit of 2% on the sales dollar for companies which install
equipment which recovers a usable material (e.g., metals, glass, paper,
plastic), and additionally, for companies that buy equipment which reduces
consumption of nondurable products (dishwashers, double-sided copiers, washing
machines, etc..) and which offer services which reduce use of nondurable
products (diaper services). (The first part is from
137) The City shall
provide a tax incentive of $50 per year for retailers providing a minimum
percentage of retail shelf space to be set aside for products in refillable or
returnable packaging, and bulk packaged products and concentrates.
138) Rescind
laws which penalize (via fines and tickets) the unauthorized removal of
"trash" from waste receptacles other than trash bags.
139) To create
guidelines to designate nonrecyclable- or
excessively-packaged products a Packaging and Product Review Board, consisting
of representatives of the packaging and manufacturing industry, environmental
groups, government agencies, and citizens, shall be established. The DOS shall
enforce this provision.
140) The City shall
require all newspapers published in
141) The City shall
require payment of a surcharge of $20/day to the cost of construction permits
for new construction of interiors and exteriors. Exemption shall be given for
construction jobs which are more than 50% repairs and restorations,
and for energy conservation jobs (
142) The City shall require
that manufacturers label plastic bags and plastic containers to indicate
plastic resin (by number and name). Violators shall be fined $500 first
offense; $1000 for subsequent offenses. Consumer Affairs shall enforce this
provision.
143) The City shall
require that manufacturers reduce by 90% by 1997 the amount of the following
pollutant precursors in packaging and products sold to retailers in New York
City: nickel, cadmium, mercury, lead, manganese, chromium, arsenic, titanium,
copper, beryllium, cobalt, silver, gold, radioactive elements, iron, CFC,
chlorine, fluorine, sulfur, nitrogen, organic solvents, and hazardous
substances (Subtitle C). Violators shall be fined $1000 for a first offense; up
to $5,000 for subsequent offenses. Consumer Affairs shall enforce this
provision utilizing label information and via spot testing.,
144) By 1996 all plastic packaging sold in
145) Retailers shall
be required to pay a 5% excise tax on packaging materials and bags purchased
for in-store packaging (e.g. meat, produce). Exemption will be given to
materials which are recyclable in the
146) The
Comptroller's office shall be the authority that levies advance disposal fees
and distributes funds remaining after agencies' administrative costs are
extracted to the Waste Prevention Fund.