A Comparison of Milestones and Goals Over a 20-Year Time frame

2004 NYC Solid Waste Management Plan

vs.

Reaching for Zero: Citizens’ Zero Waste Plan

Vs.

1992 NYC Solid Waste Management Plan

Marjorie J. Clarke, Ph.D.

January 12, 2005

Draft 1

Table of Contents

Waste Prevention	3
2004 SWMP	3
Zero Waste goals	3
Zero Waste Plan – Waste Prevention	3
Zero Waste Plan – Financing	4
Zero Waste Plan – Legislation	5
1992 SWMP – Waste Prevention Programs	6
1992 SWMP – Waste Prevention Legislation	7
1992 SWMP – Waste Prevention Research & Pilots	8
1992 SWMP – Waste Prevention Incentives	8
Reuse
2004 SWMP	9
Zero Waste Plan	9
1992 SWMP	9
Recycling Facilities	10
2004 SWMP	10
Zero Waste Plan	10
1992 SWMP	10
Recycling Pilots and Research	12
2004 SWMP	12
Zero Waste Plan	12
1992 SWMP	13
Recycling Programs, Rules, Enforcement	15
2004 SWMP	15
Zero Waste Plan Recycling Programs	15
Zero Waste Plan Economic Development	16
Zero Waste Plan Education	16
1992 SWMP Recycling Programs	17
Composting	19
2004 SWMP	19
Zero Waste Plan	19
1992 SWMP	20
Transportation	22
Zero Waste Plan	22

Waste Prevention

2004 SWMP

The 2004 SWMP has no milestones for waste prevention

Zero Waste Plan -- Goals

Immediate Term Milestones Completed at End of 2009	Intermediate Term Milestones Completed at End of 2014	Long Term Milestones Completed at End of 2024
Diversion Goal: 30 % diverted from Disposal by all Methods— Waste Prevention & Reuse & Recycling & Composting	Diversion Goal – 50 % diverted from Disposal by all Methods – Waste Prevention & Reuse & Recycling & Composting	D Diversion Goal – 100 % diverted from Disposal by all Methods – Waste Prevention & Reuse & Recycling & composting

Zero Waste Plan -- Waste Prevention

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
Goal: 15% of Total Preventables are diverted by the end of 2009 with the following accomplished: • 59 Zero Waste Coordinators are established promoting zero waste programs and $1.18 million fund is available for projects • Waste prevention purchasing and management staff (5 members at minimum) are in place, waste prevention product guide completed, website in use, report on toxics purchasing in city government completed, and a plan for substituting and eliminating priority toxic chemicals being implemented. • Technical assistance office for agency waste prevention in place (12 staff) performing 50-60 waste audits annually and aiding in implementation with $5 million revolving capital pool available for projects. 2008 report on findings, measures actually implemented, monetary savings and waste avoided will inform efforts during Intermediate Term. • School waste prevention coordinators in place (10 staff) instituting school-based waste prevention programs • Reusable service ware in use in 201 schools with dishwashers; feasibility study on dishwashing systems in other schools complete • Agency and institutional cafeterias; implementation plan developed based on pilots, conversions to reusables begun in 2008 impact 20% of agency cafeterias; technical assistance provided to institutional cafeterias to convert. • Health and Hospitals Corporation waste prevention office created (6 staff) with revolving capital pool ($300,000) to implement projects • Business waste prevention technical assistance office created (12 staff) performing business waste audits, managing a revolving loan program to implement projects and identifying priority commercial waste streams for attention	Goal: 35% of preventables are diverted by the end of 2014 with all waste prevention programs operating and all milestones completed. • All previously established waste prevention programs and infrastructure sustained. • All school, agency and institutional cafeterias converted to reusable or compostable service ware • Evaluations and improvements to all waste prevention programs based on documentation of outcomes. Planning for achieving waste prevention long term goal completed.	Goal: 100% of preventables are diverted by end of 2024 • All previously established waste prevention programs and infrastructure sustained • Programs adapted and revised and updated

Zero Waste Plan – Financing

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
· Waste disposal surcharge • Franchise fees established as commercial waste collection franchises implemented • Grants office established and Federal and state grants to finance zero waste projects actively solicited • Fees-for-services implemented for selected DSNY services • Industry partnerships developed to finance education and research activities • Pay As You Throw implemented in city agencies and institutions and in low-density residential districts (1-4 family homes); PAYT pilots for medium and high-density housing underway. • Bottle Bill passed and redemption centers being established • Extended Producer legislation for certain products	All previously established financing measures maintained • Fee for service programs implemented, as appropriate • Partnerships with industry for education and research developed and/or maintained • PAYT implemented city-wide in all housing types if feasible • Additional EPR target identified and legislation passed	All previously established financing measures maintained • Fee for service programs implemented, as appropriate • Partnerships with industry for education and research developed and/or maintained • Additional EPR target identified and legislation passed

Zero Waste Plan – Legislation

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
• Zero Waste local law or resolution passed. • Updated local recycling law passed. • Strengthened State Solid Waste Management Act passed. • Comprehensive City procurement legislation passed; programs in place • Legislation to establish commercial waste franchise districts established • Lower commercial carting rate for source-separated recyclables/ compostables/ reusables established • Additional regulations and incentives for commercial recycling identified and implemented • Bigger Better Bottle Bill passed- deposit raised to 10 cents in 2009 • City Council passes Extended Producer Responsibility legislative package for disposables, packaging, electronics, carpets and mercury containing products. • Grass clippings disposal ban implemented and effective. Other disposal bans considered where effective zero waste programs are in place. • Deposit Program implemented for Renovation and construction projects as well as for Special events – deposit returned upon showing of satisfactory waste diversion • Stimulate market development via mandatory minimum recycled content legislation passed for recycled glass products and other materials as identified • Policy reforms to eliminate barriers to reuse and provide support • Sales tax exemption established for reused items • City advocacy for the elimination of virgin material subsidies at the federal level.	• Continued advocacy on legislative and regulatory priorities not achieved in immediate term • EPR legislation on products and/or packaging advanced bi-annually based on waste composition analysis • Disposal bans advanced for products and/or packaging as recovery programs grow • Minimum recycled content standard legislation advanced for materials needing market development	• Continued advocacy on legislative and regulatory priorities not achieved in immediate or intermediate terms • EPR legislation on products and/or packaging advanced bi-annually based on waste composition analysis • Disposal bans advanced for products and/or packaging as recovery programs grow • Minimum recycled content standard legislation advanced for materials needing market development

1992 SWMP -- Waste Prevention Programs

1993

• Develop programs to reduce direct mail. DOS working with the Waste Prevention Partnership in seeking an agreement from the Direct Mail Association to set up procedures to enable recipients of direct mail to remove their names from mailing lists.

• Develop programs for backyard composting of organics in low-density areas and community gardens. Set up demonstration projects.

• Develop plan to evaluate impacts of waste prevention programs.

• Explore opportunities for incorporating a materials exchange program into recycling buy-back and drop-off centers.

• Expand educational outreach on waste prevention in schools and with tenant and community groups. DOS has a staff of 24 persons who will speak at school assemblies and to other groups about waste reduction.

• Focus educational outreach on low-income persons and on people for whom English is a second language. DOS has a bilingual community outreach staff and DOS mailings are in Spanish and English. DOS's media efforts will target television programs, print media and radio programs that have non-English speaking audiences.

• Work with other cities to establish a multiple cities coalition to develop model waste prevention legislation to be adopted by the legislatures of the cities in the coalition.

• Expand the City waste prevention partnership to include designers, manufacturers and distributors.

• Monitor the progress of "leave the packaging behind" initiatives.

• Continue to expand and monitor progress of waste prevention and re-use programs.

1997

• Continue with all on-going waste reduction efforts.

• Set new more ambitious targets for waste reduction

1992 SWMP -- Waste Prevention Legislation and Rules

1993

• Develop City procurement guidelines to stipulate packaging restrictions and the purchase of re-usable products.

• Adopt rules halting the municipal collection of mown grass.

• Lobby for state and federal waste reduction legislation, including all waste reduction legislation described in section 19.3 of this chapter.

• Issue Mayoral directive mandating office waste prevention in city agencies and designating a waste prevention coordinator in each administrative unit. The directive will address procurement practices and office procedures, such as two-sided copying.

• Pursue changes to the City building codes to encourage waste prevention and recycling.

1994

• Pursue the following local and/or state legislative initiatives:

• Mandating signs in certain retail stores discouraging the use of unnecessary bags or banning the provision of free bags and unnecessary packaging at retail establishments,

• Providing economic incentives to businesses that produce and consumers who acquire products that prevent waste, such as refillable packaging, washable diapers and mulch mowers, and

• Requiring companies that send direct mail to include a means by which addressees may remove their names from mailing lists.

• Evaluate implementing waste audit requirements for commercial and institutional waste. If legislation authorizing the establishment of exclusive licensing districts for commercial refuse collection is enacted, develop an RFP for collection services that requires the provision of waste audit services.

1995

• Pursue legislation to promote durability and waste prevention through product stewardship -- requiring manufacturers through a deposit and/or leasing system, to take back specific products such as refrigerators, cars, toasters and televisions.

1992 SWMP -- Waste Prevention Research and Pilots

1993

• Expand the pilot "no bag" campaign and the program to reduce and re-use packaging at dry cleaning establishments to other retailers. There will be a particular focus on excess packaging provided at small businesses, such as green grocers, deli's and bodegas.

1992 SWMP -- Waste Prevention Incentives

1993

• Promote volume-based fees for commercial garbage with Department of Consumer Affairs.

• Evaluate feasibility of residential and institutional volume-based user fees and seek Environmental Protection Agency funding for a pilot program in a residential area.

• Evaluate the feasibility of charging government agencies for waste disposal costs.

1995

• Conduct pilot testing of a residential volume-based user fee.

Reuse

2004 SWMP

The 2004 SWMP has no milestones for reuse

Zero Waste Plan – Reuse

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
Goal: 10% of Total Reusables are diverted by the end of 2009 with the following accomplished: • Four Reuse Complexes and four Reuse Material Recovery Facilities are operating in 4 boroughs with a supplementary vehicle fleet of 5 trucks per Complex. • Curbside collection of durables and reusables in place in four boroughs • State Approved Apprenticeship and Job Training programs in place developing the workforce for reuse enterprises • On-line trading of reusables established for agencies and individuals; 5 trucks and drivers for city agencies • Toolkit for neighborhood swap events developed and used by waste prevention coordinators and other organizations • 40 neighborhood swap shops established and operating • Technical assistance (EDC) division created to support reuse and remanufacturing enterprises with a dedicated capital pool • Quality control standards, labeling and implementation system for reusables developed and in use	Goal: 40% of Reusables are diverted by the end of 2014 • All previously established reuse programs and infrastructure sustained • Five or more (if warranted) Reuse Complexes and Reuse PERFs (Product Evaluation and Repair Facilities) established with fleet of 25 trucks or more on hand • Curbside collection of durables and reusables in place city-wide, including small businesses 59 neighborhood-based reusable swap shops operating	Goal: 100% of Potential Reusables are diverted by the end of 2024 • All previously established reuse programs and infrastructure sustained • Programs adapted and revised and updated as appropriate. Additional Reuse Complexes and Reuse PERFs established, if necessary

1992 SWMP

1993

· Facilitate development of pilot program for a re-use center. This program will build on the precedent set with Material for the Arts.

Recycling Facilities

2004 SWMP

Brooklyn MRF – 20 year agreement 2006

Hugo Neu’s South Brooklyn Paper Facility 2011

Manhattan Acceptance Facility

Site selection 2006

Design & Permitting 2008

Facility Operation 2011

Zero Waste Plan

Supports the Hugo Neu MRF Contract

1992 SWMP

1993

· Begin construction of Staten Island MRF. The anticipated construction period for all MRFs is approximately two years.

· Submit Uniform Land Use Review Procedure applications for Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens MRFs.

· Issue RFPs to design and construct Bronx, Brooklyn and Manhattan MRFs. (Note: Uniform Land Use Review Procedure may be concurrent with issuance of the RFPs). The City will continue to rely on privately owned waste transfer stations to process recyclable materials to the extent City-owned MRFs do not have sufficient capacity to process the recyclable materials collected by the City. The City may issue an RFP for one or more longterm contracts for the use of privately owned MRFs.

· Develop six self-help bulk recycling sites. Equipment to facilitate recycling of bulk materials will be installed at existing DOS facilities.

· Issue RFPs for one buy-back center in each borough.

1994

· Issue RFP to design and construct Queens MRF.

· Begin design/construction of Bronx, Brooklyn and Manhattan MRFs.

· Enter into contracts for five buy-back centers -- one in each borough--and continue contracts with existing drop-off centers. Seek to involve not-for-profit, thrift organizations in a program to exchange and re-use goods collected at the buy-back centers.

· Acquire a tire shredder for the Fresh Kills landfill. This shredder will be used for those tires that have not been recovered through other recycling programs. Attempts will be made to market the tires shredded by this equipment to end-users.

1995

• Begin design/construction of Queens MRF.

1997

· Issue RFP for second Queens MRF. Depending on the tonnage of recyclables collected at curbside, it may be necessary to develop additional MRFs or enter into contracts for the use of privately owned MRFs. On an ongoing basis the Department of Sanitation will determine what additional MRF capacity will be required. Current projections indicate that the City may need to contract out for additional capacity starting in FY 1997, but that the recycling diversion rate will then stabilize (See Table 17.4-1).

1998

• Begin construction of second Queens MRF.

Recycling Pilots and Research Studies

2004 SWMP

Waste Characterization Study 2005 – 2007

Public Education Market Research 2006, 2011, 2016, 2021

Zero Waste Plan – Research & Data Gathering

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
• Detailed waste composition analysis complete (2004) • Waste composition analysis supplemented by frequent curbside and transfer station spot checks, including agency and institutional location • Detailed and decipherable data on zero waste and disposal program costs and results released annually. • Full cost accounting methodology in use to determine incremental costs of zero waste programs. Consistent methods to be used from 2005 through 2024. • Life-cycle costing in use for agency purchasing decisions. • 2009 Full waste composition analysis including toxic components of the waste stream completed	• 2009, detailed waste composition analysis used to develop programs, regulation and legislation. • Ongoing waste composition by curbside and transfer station spot checks, as well as data from zero waste operations • Detailed and transparent data on zero waste and disposal program costs and results released annually. • Full cost accounting methodology still in use • Life-cycle costing still in use for agency purchasing decisions. • 2014 Full waste composition analysis including toxic components of the waste stream completed	• 2014 detailed waste composition analyses used to develop programs, regulation and legislation. • Modifications to all programs in order to reach 2024 ZERO GOALS. • Ongoing waste composition by curbside and transfer station spot checks, as well as data from zero waste operations • Detailed and transparent data on zero waste and disposal program costs and performance released annually. • Full cost accounting methodology still in use • Life-cycle costing still in use for agency purchasing decisions. • 2019 Waste composition analysis informs plans for final 5 years in order to reach ZERO WASTE

1992 SWMP – Recycling Research and Pilots

1993

• Conduct pilot test of dual-compartment/dual compacting collection truck and explore other truck technologies.

• Research and develop strategies to encourage the growth of markets for the City's recyclables. The focus of this effort is to enter into long-term contracts for large quantities of each type of recyclable material collected by the City.

• Conduct a battery collection pilot. Starting in FY 1995 batteries will be collected as part of the high-quality recycling program. DOS is also participating on a State task force, chaired by the Commissioner of Environmental Conservation, established pursuant to Section 27-0719 of the State Environmental Conservation Law, to develop a statewide action plan for a battery collection system. The Commissioner is required by law to issue its report by January 1, 1993. Evaluate the implications of this report for the City's battery collection programs.

• Conduct a textile collection and processing pilot.

• Conduct a polystyrene collection and processing pilot.

• Develop pilot tests for alternative methods of collection and processing of recyclable materials.

• Develop pilot for private collection of recyclables.

• Monitor participation rates, new collection and processing technologies and markets for recyclables.

1994

• Based on data provided by private carters and private waste transfer stations, prepare a description of private efforts to recover recyclables, including the quantities and types of materials collected. This data will become available to the City as private carters and operators of private waste transfer stations comply with the requirements of the City's commercial recycling and transfer station rules for the submission of data to the City and a critical mass of information is accumulated. This study will include construction and demolition debris, which is collected and processed by private companies at privately owned facilities, permitted by the Department of Sanitation. As with other materials, the City's rules require reporting on how much C&D material is recycled and re-used.

• Examine the economic feasibility of designating additional high quality materials for collection in the commercial recycling programs.

• Conduct five pilots in residential sections (one in each borough) designed to test the feasibility of recycling and composting materials in addition to those recyclable materials currently collected at curbside and of requiring residents to sort their waste into four bags or containers. These pilots will be conducted in a variety of neighborhoods, so that the feasibility of such programs is tested in high- and low-density areas and in areas with populations of varying income levels and ethnic backgrounds. The Park Slope intensive zone shall be used as a model for these pilots. If successful, the methods used in these pilots may be the basis for an expanded program in other parts of the City.

• Conduct a mixed-waste processing pilot using residential waste (as a supplement to the curbside source separation of recyclables to recover additional materials from the "refuse" component of the waste stream). Based on the experience with this pilot, evaluate whether additional mixed-waste processing pilots should be conducted and whether more extensive use of mixed-waste processing will produce significant tonnages of marketable recyclable materials.

• If pilot tests of dual compartment/dual compacting trucks are successful, procure additional dual compartment/dual compacting collection trucks. If the pilot tests are not successful, conduct a pilot for other truck technologies, if appropriate.

Recycling Programs, Rules, Enforcement

2004 SWMP

Electronics Recycling mailing 2004

Junk Mail Campaign 2004-2006

Amendments to Local Law 19 to replace mandatory tonnage diversion with % goals 2005

Household Hazwaste Publication 2005

DSNY Electronic Newsletter 2005

Recycling Re-education of Agencies, Institutions 2005

Staff Outreach – Restoration of Recycling 2005 and ongoing

Stuff Exchange website

Begin Development 2005

Launch and promote 2006

Issue RFP for Household Hazwaste Collection Days 2006

Wa$teMatch Marketing Campaign 2008-2010

Various New Public Education Materials ongoing

Zero Waste Plan – Recycling Programs

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
• Educational enforcement strategy developed • Collection and enforcement forces trained in educational enforcement • Greater attention to large buildings and more enforcement with larger fines issued. • Strategy for institutional and agency enforcement developed and implemented. • New commercial recycling laws enforced • Enforcement of transportation violations increased • Commercial facility operations violation enforcement increased.	• All previously established enforcement programs sustained • Evaluate status and progress of agencies and institutions (WP, Reuse, Recycling and Composting) annually in a report • Evaluate status and progress of residential efforts (Reuse, Recycling and Composting) and enforcement annually in a report • Evaluate status and progress of commercial efforts (Reuse, Recycling and Composting) and enforcement annually in a report • Additional enforcement strategies added as new rules are implemented	• All previously established enforcement programs sustained • Additional enforcement strategies added as new rules are implemented

Zero Waste Plan -- Economic Development

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
• Technical and financial assistance office for Zero Waste businesses created with all services in one place and a website. • A dedicated capital pool for financing. • Planning for Reuse/Recycling Industrial Parks; one established.	• Office and capital pool sustained • Four Recycling Industrial Parks in operation; a fifth in planning, if necessary	• Zero waste economic development programs and infrastructure sustained • Five or more Recycling Industrial Parks in operation

Zero Waste Plan -- Education

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
• Large scale zero waste public education advertising campaign developed and running. • Consumer campaigns developed and implemented – with one every 6 months- targeting shopping with waste prevention in mind. • Reuse public awareness campaign underway, including public relations and targeted education of key constituencies. • Block Leader/Building Leader community based education program in place in at least one borough ( in conjunction with Zero Waste Coordinators) • Curriculum for all schools is mandatory and curriculum has been revised to reflect a zero waste focus. • Education programs targeted at key constituencies (building managers, businesses, agencies, etc.) implemented annually. • Opinion research compiled annually to gauge perceptions of reuse, recycling, waste prevention and composting. • A university engaged to conduct more in-depth educational research on an ongoing basis to evaluate and improve education and outreach • University certificate and degree programs initiated for zero waste professionals	• Large scale zero waste advertising campaigns continuing • Consumer education campaigns developed and implemented bi-annually • Reuse public relations and education campaigns continuing • Opinion research on zero waste programs compiled bi-annually • Block Leader/Building Leader community-based education programs in place and expanding in all 5 boroughs working with Zero Waste Coordinators • Zero waste school curriculum is updated every three years • Targeted education programs at key constituencies implemented each year, modified every 3 years. • University research ongoing • Certified and degreed zero waste professionals are now part of the workforce	• All previously established education programs and infrastructure sustained • Consumer education campaigns developed and implemented bi-annually • Reuse public relations and education campaigns implemented bi-annually • Opinion research on zero waste programs compiled bi-annually • Two targeted education programs implemented each year • Large scale zero waste advertising campaigns implemented consistently

1992 SWMP Recycling Programs

1993

• Expand curbside collection program to all of Manhattan (in September 1992), the Bronx (in December 1992), and Brooklyn (in June 1993) for all six currently designated materials (including telephone books).

• Expand public information for recycling program by establishing telephone "hot line," sustained media program, and seminars for building owners and superintendents. The media program will include radio, television and print advertisements as well as DOS mailings.

• Expand out-reach efforts to enhance participation rates. In addition to the 24 persons working in the DOS recycling outreach effort, a part-time worker will be hired in each community district to coordinate recycling efforts, involve block associations in recycling, act as a liaison between DOS and community groups, and educate community residents about recycling. Bilingual workers will be employed in areas where significant numbers of residents speak English as a second language.

• Improve recycling rates of City agencies through aggressive outreach and monitoring programs. DOS monitors the recycling efforts of agencies and the Mayor's Office of Operations participates in efforts to increase recycling. Study the feasibility of requiring agencies to use or acquire goods made of recyclable materials.

• Arrange for a one-day drop-off of household hazardous waste, including batteries, at a location in each borough. This program will be continued each year on an ongoing basis, unless an alternative approach to handling household hazardous waste is developed. It is anticipated that service establishments and other facilities will continue to collect and arrange for re-refining of used oil, consistent with the provisions of NYCRR Section 360-14.4.

• Encourage development of new industries in the City that use the City's recyclables. The Department has already attracted a proposal from a company to develop a paper de-inking and reprocessing facility in the City to handle the newsprint and magazines collected by the City. DOS is working with the Port Authority and the Environmental Defense Fund on a study of what recycling industries have the greatest chance of developing in the City. DOS will coordinate this effort with the Economic Development Corporation and the State Department of Economic Development.

• Award long-term supply contract for newspaper.

• Issue an RFP for a long-term contract for an additional recyclable material.

• Revise residential recycling rules to permit use of bags as well as plastic containers for recyclables and to increase building signage requirements.

• Seek amendments to Local Law 19 to conform to this plan.

• Revise commercial recycling rules and transfer station rules to minimize contamination and maximize recovery of recyclable materials.

• Pursue enactment of all recycling legislation and regulation described in section 19.3 of this chapter.

1994

• Expand curbside recyclable collection program citywide by September 15, 1993.

• Continue program for collection of household hazardous waste.

1995

• Expand curbside collection program citywide to include all the high-quality recyclable materials and bulk metal.

1996

• Expand curbside collection program to include nonmetal bulk materials.

Composting

2004 SWMP

Resume leaf, yard, Xmas tree collection 2005

Resume Botanical Gardens programs 2005

Seek Revisions to Regs Requiring Setout of Leaves in Paper Bags 2005

Zero Waste Plan

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
Goal: 15 % of available organics are diverted • Citywide “leave it on the lawn” education program and ban on the collection and disposal of grass clippings • Backyard composting education program in place and distributing 10,000 backyard bins per year • Support for “On-site” organics recovery programs by providing technical and financial assistance for institutions to implement food waste composting and other on-site organics recovery; ban on grass clippings collection implemented • Provide technical and financial support for commercial composting at on-site facilities and collection and processing at central facilities • Fall leaf and composting program serving all boroughs; Christmas tree collections resumed • Spring/summer yard debris collection rolled out citywide • Public Task Force established to assist with siting and operational issues associated with yard material and food scrap composting • DSNY composting facilities open to landscapers on a fee-for-service basis • One or more commercial-scale food scrap composting facilities operating- providing 900 tons per day of capacity • Pilots and final evaluations of collection programs, facilities and compost product completed. • Compost capacity needs analysis completed • Recommendations of Task Force used to develop city-wide food scrap composting implementation strategy	Goal: 45% of available organics are diverted • All previously established organics recovery programs and infrastructure sustained • Evaluation and monitoring of existing facilities and programs • Additional compost facilities developed as indicated by capacity needs analysis • Ensure that adequate organic diversion to meet 45% of all organic material is achieved by 2014.	Goal: 100% of available Organics are diverted • All previously established organics recovery programs and infrastructure sustained • Programs adapted and revised as appropriate to achieve 100% diversion of organic material.

1992 SWMP

Composting Pilots and Research

1993

• Conduct institutional composting pilot at Fresh Kills composting facility.

• Research and evaluate composting technologies, monitor facilities operations.

• Conduct in-vessel composting pilot at Riker's Island.

• Examine feasibility of developing out of the City a co-composting facility combining sludge and compostable waste.

Composting Facilities

1994

· Construct leaf and yard waste composting facility at Edgemere Facility.

• Submit Uniform Land Use Review application for and issue RFP for design and construction of an in-vessel composting facility.

• Evaluate feasibility of developing a mixed-waste composting facility.

1995

• Begin construction of in-vessel composting facility.

• Based on a review of the status of composting technology, the experience with the Riker's Island composting facility, and other relevant information, consider proceeding with development of two additional composting facilities. The size of these facilities will depend on whether they are designed to accommodate only commercial and institutional organic waste or also residential organic waste. For purposes of the composting section of this implementation schedule, it is assumed that residential (in low density areas), commercial and institutional composting are determined to be feasible, even though the final decision on whether to proceed with this course of action will not be made until at the earliest FY 1995.

1996

• Issue RFPs for two in-vessel composting facilities, if feasible.

1997

• Construct a new leaf and yard waste composting facility at the Fresh Kills landfill to replace the existing facility.

• Start construction of two in-vessel composting facilities, if feasible.

1999

• Start operations at two in-vessel composting facilities, if feasible.

Composting Programs

1993

• Continue leaf and yard waste collection in Staten Island.

1994

• Issue RFP to develop home-composting demonstration sites and promote home-composting and grass mulching citywide.

• Expand Christmas tree collection citywide.

1996

• Initiate citywide leaf and yard waste collection.

1999

• Start collection of organics in low-density residential areas, if feasible.

Transportation

Zero Waste Plan

By 2009	By 2014	By 2024
• Vehicles Miles traveled by Collection Trucks Begins to be reduced as route changes and other efficiency improvements are made. VMT reductions monitored and recorded. • Municipal trash and recyclable collections integrated and efficiency and cost effectiveness improved as more recyclables collected. Frequency of mixed trash collection reduced. Savings realized. • Various alternative truck designs have been pilot tested in addition to “single stream” collection of recyclables. • Commercial collection franchise system implemented city-wide. Franchise fees collected. • MTS system in use for transportation of recoverables (compostable and recyclable materials). • Clean fuel vehicles implementation strategy developed and implemented for DSNY and private carter fleets, as well as waterborne vessels. Permit conditions on private carters require cleaner fuel vehicles • Feasibility of using existing rail lines for transport of recoverables evaluated; expansion of rail use implemented if feasible. • Feasibility of local biodiesel production facility evaluated; facility in place, if feasible.	• All previously established transportation programs and infrastructure sustained • Garbage collection frequencies steadily reduced to account for increased waste prevention, reuse, recycling and composting. • Clean fuels implementation strategy for DSNY and private carter fleets, as well as waterborne vessels, updated bi-annually. • Use of rail infrastructure increased, if feasible. • Diversification of truck fleet continues	• Garbage collection frequencies steadily reduced to account for increased waste prevention, reuse, recycling and composting. • Clean fuels implementation strategy for DSNY and private carter fleets, as well as waterborne vessels, updated bi-annually. • Use of rail and water borne transportation maximized • Truck fleet transitioned to serve zero waste programs