Municipal solid waste incineration emissions control / Health Effects

by Maggie Clarke, Ph.D.
 

‘Gold Standard’ for Remediation of WTC Contamination, New Solutions - A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy, co-author, Volume 14, Number 3, 2004, pp. 119-217.

“Introduction to Municipal Solid Waste Incineration”, presented at and published in the Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, June 23-27, 2002.  32 pp.

"Characterization of Cold Start and Upset Conditions in MWCs", presented and published in the Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association's 93rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition, Salt Lake City, UT, June 18-23, 2000. 20 pp.

Waste Incineration and Public Health, co-author, Report of the National Research Council, National Academy Press,  September, 1999.

"Emissions Standards For Municipal Waste Combustors: Discussion and Critique about Recently Proposed Standards", 1995 International EPA/AWMA Conference on Solid Waste Management: Thermal Treatment and Waste-to-Energy Technologies, Washington, DC, April 18 - 21, 1995

"Minimizing Emissions from Energy-From-Waste Plants: Optimizing Operations and Plant Design", Hampshire County Council Seminar on Health and Emissions Issues: Integrated Waste Management Strategy, Winchester, England, February 21, 1995.

"New Jersey's Mercury Emissions Standards For Municipal Waste Combustors: A Discussion and Critique" Mercury in the Environment: Global, Regional and State Issues, sponsored by New Jersey Departments of Environmental Protection and Health, and USEPA, South Brunswick, NJ. October 6, 1994.

"New Jersey's Mercury Emissions Standards for Municipal Waste Combustors: A Discussion and Critique" presented at and published in the Proceedings of the Symposium on Mercury Contamination in the Northeast, sponsored by the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Cambridge, MA, May 25, 1994.

"The Nation's First Mercury Emissions Standard: An Assessment of New Jersey's Standard for Municipal Waste Combustors", presented and published in Proceedings of the 86th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Air and Waste Management Association, Denver, CO. June 13-18, 1993. 16 pp.

"New Jersey's Proposed Mercury Emissions Standard -- Task Force Experience", co-authored with Betty K. Jensen, presented and published in Proceedings of the 86th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Air and Waste Management Association, Denver, CO. June 13-18, 1993. 16 pp.

"The Development of New Jersey's Mercury Emissions Standards for Municipal Waste Combustors", Presented and published in the Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Municipal Waste Combustion, Williamsburg, VA. March 30 - April 2, 1993.

Burning Garbage in the US -- Practice vs. State-of-the-art, first author, co-authored by Maarten de Kadt and David Saphire, published by INFORM, New York, NY 1991 The book presents an overview of the most up-to-date waste-to-energy technologies, operating procedures, and regulatory requirements and compares these to 15 plants in the U.S. 275 pp

A Review of Activated Carbon Technologies for reducing MSW Incinerator Emissions", presented at the Second International Conference on Municipal Waste Combustion, sponsored by USEPA and AWMA, Tampa, FL. April 16-19, 1991. Paper discusses activated carbon emission control systems, performance data and emissions reduction achieved using these systems, and European regulations which precipitated their development for MSW incinerators. 20 pp.

"Technologies for Minimizing the Emission of NOx from MSW Incineration", presented and published in the Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference on Solid Waste Management and Materials Policy, New York, NY, January 31- February 2, 1990. (this was an update of the AWMA paper, below)

"Technologies for Minimizing the Emission of NOx from MSW Incineration", presented and published in the Proceedings of 35th Anniversary Technical Conference, Mid-Atlantic States Section of the Air and Waste Management Association, Atlantic City, NJ, October 3-6, 1989.

"Technologies for Minimizing the Emission of NOx from MSW Incineration", presented at and published in the Proceedings of the International Conference on Municipal Waste Combustion, sponsored by EPA, Environment Canada, ASME, APCA & WHO. Hollywood, FL, April 11-14, l989. 20 pp.

"An Introduction to Technologies for Minimizing Incinerator Emissions and The Solid Waste Hierarchy", presented at the 1989 American Lung Association Annual Meeting, Cincinnati, Ohio, May 17, 1989.

"MSW Incinerator Emissions, Controls, Performance and their Relationship to the Solid Waste Hierarchy", presented at the Solid Waste Alternatives for Cincinnati a panel discussion for citizens, sponsored by Ohio Citizens Action. Cincinnati, Ohio May 16, 1989. The session was videotaped for cable. Same materials also used earlier in the day for briefings for the new Cincinnati County Commissioner and for the Cincinnati Enquirer editorial board, and the previous day for a presentation for citizens in Dayton, Ohio.

"Improving Environmental Performance of MSW Incinerators", presented at the Fifth Annual Conference of the NYS Legislative Commission on Solid Waste Management, January, 1989, New York, NY.

"Workshop on Incineration/Waste-to-Energy Issues", sponsored by Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC, June 28, l988. Expressed views and provided data on advances in emissions control in the resource recovery industry.

"Minimizing NOx", Waste Age, November, 1989. Article is a lay summary of previous technical papers describing the various technologies for reducing emissions of NOx from MSW incinerators (including source separation of yard waste, furnace and boiler designs and operations, and add-on post-combustion control devices), the low emissions achieved by these technologies in incinerator applications, and the developing regulatory requirements for control of NOx emissions.

"Technologies for Minimizing the Emission of NOx from MSW Incineration", published as a report by INFORM in 1989.

"Technologies for Minimizing the Emission of NOx from MSW Incineration", presented and published in the Proceedings of the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Association, Anaheim, CA, June 25-30, 1989. 16 pp.

"Improving Environmental Performance of MSW Incinerators", 1988  published by INFORM, Inc. 81pp.

"Improving Environmental Performance of MSW Incinerators", presented at and published in the Proceedings of the First Conference on MSW Incineration sponsored by the Industrial Gas Cleaning Institute. Washington, DC, November, 1988. 68 pp.

"Debating the Virtues of ESP's". Response to Letter to the Editor, Waste Age, June, 1988 3pp.

Panel Discussion on Ash Management Alternatives, ASME Biennial Meeting of the Solid Waste Processing Division, Philadelphia, PA. May, 1988.

"Minimizing Emissions From Resource Recovery" presented the New England APCA Conference on Incinerator Emissions, Wakefield, MA, April 1988.

"Minimizing Emissions From Resource Recovery" presented at the Air Toxics Panel/Forum sponsored by the Center for Clean Air Policy, April, 1988.

"Minimizing Emissions From Resource Recovery" presented and published in the Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Conference of the National Resource Recovery Association, Washington, DC, March, 1988

"Minimizing Emissions From Resource Recovery", published in the Proceedings of the National Incinerator Testing and Emissions Program International Workshop, sponsored by Environment Canada, Montreal, Quebec, October, 1987. 51pp. This report is an update and expansion of "Issues, Options, and Choices for control of Emissions From Resource Recovery Plants".

"The Impact of the Dioxin Issue on Resource Recovery in the United States" Waste Management and Research, Vol 5 Number 3, 1987. Co-author with Norman Steisel and Regina Morris. 14pp. Paper delves into the U.S. debate on dioxin emissions from resource recovery plants -- both in the public and scientific arenas. Specific topics covered: dioxin risk assessments, toxicity, formation in the furnace and the stack, dioxin control via combustion regulation and via emission control devices, and research needs.

APCA, New York, NY, June 21-26, l987. 17pp.

"Issues, Options, and Choices for control of Emissions From Resource Recovery Plants", presented at and published in the Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference of the National Resource Recovery Association, Washington, DC, March, 1987. 48 pp.

"Emission Control Technologies" published in Resource Recovery, Vol. 1, Feb. 1987; 7pp.

"Emissions Control Options From Waste-To-Energy Plants -- A Review", presented at the Conference on Solid Waste Management and Materials Policy, New York, NY. Feb. 11-14, l987. Paper describes the stoker, grate, furnace and emission control designs, their use and demonstrated efficiency in reducing emissions of particulate, acid gases, heavy metals and organics from resource recovery plants. Specific operating practices to minimize these emissions are also described.

"Flue Gases: Constituents, Monitoring, and Controls", -- presented at the Solid Waste Short Course sponsored by University of Maine/Maine DEP, October 20-22, l986, Portland, ME. Lecture discussed the major air pollutants from incinerators, their effects, amounts typically emitted, and the efficacy of various control strategies. Also covered: state resource recovery emission requirements and continuous emission monitoring.

"Emission Control Technologies For Resource Recovery", presented and published in the Proceedings of the Air Pollution Control Association's 79th Annual Meeting, June 22-27, l986, Minneapolis, MN. 16 pp.

"Emission Control Technologies For Resource Recovery", presented at the Brooklyn Subsection of the American Chemical Society's Symposium on Environmental Pollution in the Urban Area, Brooklyn Polytechnic University, March 15, l986. Paper explores the removal efficiency of various emission control devices used on resource recovery plants for the pollutants of concern. A major finding was that when emission control devices are operated at temperatures below about 150oC, 99% or more removal efficiency has been achieved for all the emissions of concern, including dioxins.

"The Impact of the Dioxin Issue on Resource Recovery in the United States" presented by co-author, Norman Steisel, at Elmia Waste Treatment 85 Conference, Fifth International Exhibition and Conferences on Waste Treatment, Recovery of Materials and Energy, Public Cleansing and Waste Research. Jonkoping, Sweden, September 23-27, l985.

"Discussion Paper on BACT for Resource Recovery -- From A Municipality's Perspective", presented at and published in the Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Resource Recovery Conference, Washington, DC, March 27-29, l985. paper explores the evolving definition of Best Available Control Technology for the resource recovery industry. Topics discussed include: BACT vs. LAER, the health effects of the main classes of emissions, BACT selection processes, new state standards, an evaluation of available control technologies, and the less tangible factors in a municipality's BACT selection process.

"Dioxin Control Technologies for Resource Recovery", presented at the New York State Association for Solid Waste Management's Conference, Binghamton, NY, October 1, l984. Paper explores the various schools of thought regarding dioxin control in resource recovery plants based on theory, laboratory data, and plant test data. Current theories included: thermal destruction in the furnace, chemisorption of condensation of dioxin on fine particulate and particulate removal in control devices, prior separation of chlorine-bearing constituents in the waste, and molecular destruction through intimate reaction with molten salts.
 

"Dioxins: Health Effects, Control Technologies and Implications for the Resource Recovery Industry", New York University Masters Essay, May 1981. The potent toxin, 2,3,7,8 TCDD, its epidemiology and emission concentrations in resource recovery plants are discussed and control technologies evaluated.